Davide's Notes

In case it interests anyone, I am generally using Mounce's Basics of Biblical Greek, the associated workbook and the graded reader by the same author.

General notes:

7 vowels: α ε η ι ο ω υ
8 diphtongs: αι ει οι ου αυ υι ευ ηυ
3 improper diphtongs: ᾳ ῃ ῳ
Gamma nasal before 4 letters: γ κ χ ξ
5 elements for parsing: case, number, gender, lexical  form, inflected meaning. Example: βασιλείας: accusative plural feminine, from βασιλεια, meaning "kingdoms".

1st and 2nd declension endings:

	2	1	2
N	ς	-	ν
G	υ	ς	υ
D1	ι	ι	ι
A	ν	ν	ν
N2	ι	ι	α
G3	ων	ων	ων
D	ις	ις	ις
A2	υς	ς	α

1) ι subscripts in D sng (and the final stem vowel lenghtens)
2) the α in N and A pl neuter absorbes the final stem vowel
3) the ω in G pl absorbes the final stem vowel

Note that 1st declension names with α as last stem vowel only keep α in G and D sng if the α in the stem if preceded by ε, ι, ρ. Otherwise, the α of the stem changes to η in G and D sng. For example,

N	ωρα	δοξα
G	ωρας	δοξης
D	ωρᾳ	δοξῃ
A	ωραν	δοξαν
N	ωραι	δοξαι
G	ωρων	δοξων
D	ωραις	δοξαις
A	ωρας	δοξας

(note ambiguity for ωρας in G sng and A pl -- the article helps: της ωρας and τας ωρας)

Some other examples:

N	λογος	γραφη	εργον
G	λογου	γραφης	εργου
D	λογῳ	γραφῃ	εργῳ
A	λογον	γραφην	εργον
N	λογοι	γραφαι	εργα
G	λογων	γραφων	εργων
D	λογοις	γραφαις	εργοις
A	λογους	γραφας	εργα

Note that feminine nouns having η as the last stem vowel change it to α in the pl.

The article:

	(2)	(1)	(2)
N	ὁ	ἡ	τό
G	τοῦ	τῆς	τοῦ
D	τῷ	τῇ	τῷ
A	τόν	τήν	τό
N	οἱ	αἱ	τὰ
G	τῶν	τῶν	τῶν
D	τοῖς	ταῖς	τοῖς
A	τούς	τάς	τά

Note again the alternance between η and α in sng and pl feminine.

Note that the article is typically used in Greek also:

• before abstract nouns, e.g. ἡ ἀληθεία
  
• before proper names, e.g. ὁ Ἰησοῦς

οὐ has three possible forms

οὐ	Used when the following word begins with a consonant; example: ου δυναται πολις κρυβηναι επανω ορους κειμενη (Mat 5:14)
οὐκ	Used when the following word begins with a vowel and smooth breathing; example: ουκ ἐπ αρτω μονω ζησεται ανθρωπος (Mat 4:4)
οὐχ	Used when the following word begins with a vowel and rough breathing; example:  ουχ ὡς οι γραμματεις (Mat 7:29)