Davide's Notes

Greek

Notes

8:27

• εξηλθεν, aor. ind. act. from εξερχομαι, in this case "I leave".
• επηρωτα, aor. ind. act. from επεροταω, "I ask, demand, inquire".

8:29

• αποκριθεις, aor. part. pass. (dep.) from αποκρινομαι, "I answer". Remember that θε is often a tell-tale sign of an aor. part. passive. While in general the aorist part. indicates past tense relative to the main verb (here λεγει), here the participle action happens contextually to the main verb.

8:30

• επετιμησεν, aor. ind. act. from επιτιμαω, "I rebuke", or "warn in order to prevent an action, or bring one to an end". Weak aorist επετιμησα.
• μηδενι, dative of μηδεις, μηδεμια, μηδεν, "no-one". Note that the following verb is subj. because of ινα (and an indicative tense would have had ουδενι here).

8:31

• ηρξατο, aor. ind. dep. from αρχομαι, "I begin". Secondary endings middle/passive (-μην, -σο, -το, -μεθα, -σθε, -ντο).
• δει, third person sing. active present (impersonal) of δεω, "it was necessary". δεω literally means "to bind, to knit, to tie". δει is followed by accusative and infinitive.
  
• παθειν, aor. inf. active from πασχω, "I suffer". Strong aor. επαθον.
• αποδοκιμασθηναι, aor. inf. pass. from αποδοκιμαζω, "I reject".
  
• αρχιερεων, from αρχιερευς, "high priest", comp. of ιερευς, "priest".
• αποκτανθηναι, aor. inf. pass. from αποκτεινω, "I put to death". κτεινω is "to slay".
• αναστηναι, aor. inf. act. from ανιστημι, "I rise up (again)", comp. of ιστημι, "I stand" (in turn prolonged form of σταω, same meaning).

8:32

• παρρησιᾳ, note the instrumental dative.
• ελαλει, I translate as a progressive (or descriptive) imperfect, an action in progress.
• προσλαβομενος, aor. part. middle from προσλαμβανω, "I take aside". The aor. part. act. would be προσλαβων (προσλαβοντος, etc). Remember that the aor. part. middle follows 2-1-2, while the aor. part. act. and pass. follow 3-1-3.
• επιτιμαν, pres. inf. act. from επιτιμαω, "I rebuke" (in this case; cf. v. 30). Note the contraction επιτιμα+ειν to επιτιμᾱν (note the circumflex).
  

8:33

• επιστραφεις, aor. part. pass. but active in meaning, from επιστρεφω, "I turn around, go back". This verb has weak aorist ἐπέστρεψα and strong aorist passive ἐπεστράφην (from which the current form is made).
• ιδων, aor. part. act. from ειδω, "I look on, see, perceive".
• επετιμησεν, aor. ind. act. from επιτιμαω, "I rebuke". Third instance of this verb in 4 verses.

8:34

• προσκαλεσαμενος, aor. part. dep. from προκαλεομαι, "I summon, gather around".
• ακολουθειν, pres. act. inf. from ακολουθεω, "I follow". The aorist imperative (later in this verse) is ακολουθειτω.
  
• απαρνησασθω, aor. imperative deponent from απαρνεομαι, "I deny".
• αρατω, aor. imperative act. αιρω, "I lift up, take".

8:35

• ος... εαν: whoever (another form of ος αν).
• θελῃ, pres. subj. act. from θελω, "I choose, prefer". Subjunctive is required after ος εαν. Note the lengthening of the connecting vowel ε > η (or ο > ω) typical of the subjunctive (θελθ, θελῃς, θελῃ, θελωμεν, θελητε, θελωσιν) with the iota regularly subscripting.
• σωσαι, aor. inf. act. from σοζω, "I save".
• απολεσει, fut. ind. act. from απολλυμι, "I lose, destroy". The future can be απολεσω or απολω.
• ψυκη, I translate here as "spirit" as the material breath. Soul should be more properly πνευμα, biological life in itself is ζωη; but I guess "life" might also fit.

8:36

• ωφελει, pres. ind. act. from ωφελεω, "to be useful, to benefit".
• κερδησαι, aor. inf. act. from κερδαινω, "I gain, win".
• ζημιωθηναι, aor. inf. pass. from ζημιοω, "I penalize". Here in the passive probably best "forfeit".

8:37

• δοι, aor. subj. act. from διδωμι, "I give".  3rd person singular. I translate here as a deliberative subjunctive, something like "what will consider man to be a ransom for his own life?"
  
• ανταλλαγμα, "an equivalent, a ransom".

8:38

• επαισχυνθῃ, aor. subj. dep. from επαισχυνομαι, "I feel shame, am ashamed". Again subj. because it follows ος εαν. επαισχυνθησεται is the fut. pass. (with active meaning).
  
• μοικαλιδι, dat. fem. sing. from μοικαλις, "adulteress". 3rd declension.
• οταν, "whenever" (Strong: implying hypothesis or more or less uncertainty).
• ελθῃ, aor. subj. act. from ερχομαι, "I come". Hypotetical subj.

My translation

²⁷Jesus and his disciples then left the place to go to the villages around Caesarea Philippi. And on the road he asked his disciples, Who do people say I am?
²⁸They replied saying, Some say you are John the Baptist, others say Elijah, and others one of the prophets.
²⁹And he asked them, But you, who do you say I am? Peter answered and said, You are the Christ.
³⁰And he warned them not to tell anyone about him.
³¹He then begun to teach them that it was necessary for the son of man to suffer many things and be rejected by the elders, by the high priests and by the scribes, and put to death, and rise up after three days.
³²He was saying this [very] openly. Peter then, taken Jesus aside, started to rebuke him.
³³And he, having turned around, looked at his disciples and rebuked Peter saying, Go behind me, Satan! For you are not setting your mind on God's things, but on men's.
³⁴And having gathered the crowd together with his disciples, he said to them, If anyone wishes to follow me, let him deny himself, take up his cross, and follow me.
³⁵In fact, whoever chooses to save his spirit will lose it; but whoever will loose his spirit because of me and of the gospel will save himself.
³⁶What benefit indeed is it for man to gain the entire world, and forfeit his own spirit?
³⁷And what will man give in exchange for his own spirit?
³⁸Whoever then is ashamed of me and of my words in this adulterous and sinful generation, the son of man will be ashamed of him as well whenever he shall come with the holy angels in the glory of his Father.