Monday, April 25, 2005
Gk: John 20:1-31
Greek
John 20:1 Τῇ δὲ μιᾷ τῶν
σαββάτων
Μαρία ἡ
Μαγδαληνὴ
ἔρχεται
πρωῒ
σκοτίας
ἔτι οὔσης
εἰς τὸ
μνημεῖον,
καὶ
βλέπει
τὸν λίθον
ἠρμένον ἐκ
τοῦ
μνημείου.
John 20:2 τρέχει οὖν καὶ ἔρχεται πρὸς Σίμωνα Πέτρον καὶ πρὸς τὸν ἄλλον μαθητὴν ὃν ἐφίλει ὁ Ἰησοῦς, καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς, Ἦραν τὸν κύριον ἐκ τοῦ μνημείου, καὶ οὐκ οἴδαμεν ποῦ ἔθηκαν αὐτόν.
John 20:3 Ἐξῆλθεν οὖν ὁ Πέτρος καὶ ὁ ἄλλος μαθητής, καὶ ἤρχοντο εἰς τὸ μνημεῖον.
John 20:4 ἔτρεχον δὲ οἱ δύο ὁμοῦ· καὶ ὁ ἄλλος μαθητὴς προέδραμεν τάχιον τοῦ Πέτρου καὶ ἦλθεν πρῶτος εἰς τὸ μνημεῖον,
John 20:5 καὶ παρακύψας βλέπει κείμενα τὰ ὀθόνια, οὐ μέντοι εἰσῆλθεν.
John 20:6 ἔρχεται οὖν καὶ Σίμων Πέτρος ἀκολουθῶν αὐτῷ, καὶ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸ μνημεῖον· καὶ θεωρεῖ τὰ ὀθόνια κείμενα,
John 20:7 καὶ τὸ σουδάριον, ὃ ἦν ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ, οὐ μετὰ τῶν ὀθονίων κείμενον ἀλλὰ χωρὶς ἐντετυλιγμένον εἰς ἕνα τόπον.
John 20:8 τότε οὖν εἰσῆλθεν καὶ ὁ ἄλλος μαθητὴς ὁ ἐλθὼν πρῶτος εἰς τὸ μνημεῖον, καὶ εἶδεν καὶ ἐπίστευσεν·
John 20:9 οὐδέπω γὰρ ᾔδεισαν τὴν γραφὴν ὅτι δεῖ αὐτὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναστῆναι.
John 20:10 ἀπῆλθον οὖν πάλιν πρὸς αὐτοὺς οἱ μαθηταί.
John 20:11 Μαρία δὲ εἱστήκει πρὸς τῷ μνημείῳ ἔξω κλαίουσα. ὡς οὖν ἔκλαιεν παρέκυψεν εἰς τὸ μνημεῖον,
John 20:12 καὶ θεωρεῖ δύο ἀγγέλους ἐν λευκοῖς καθεζομένους, ἕνα πρὸς τῇ κεφαλῇ καὶ ἕνα πρὸς τοῖς ποσίν, ὅπου ἔκειτο τὸ σῶμα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ.
John 20:13 καὶ λέγουσιν αὐτῇ ἐκεῖνοι, Γύναι, τί κλαίεισ; λέγει αὐτοῖς ὅτι Ἦραν τὸν κύριόν μου, καὶ οὐκ οἶδα ποῦ ἔθηκαν αὐτόν.
John 20:14 ταῦτα εἰποῦσα ἐστράφη εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω, καὶ θεωρεῖ τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἑστῶτα, καὶ οὐκ ᾔδει ὅτι Ἰησοῦς ἐστιν.
John 20:15 λέγει αὐτῇ Ἰησοῦς, Γύναι, τί κλαίεισ; τίνα ζητεῖσ; ἐκείνη δοκοῦσα ὅτι ὁ κηπουρός ἐστιν λέγει αὐτῷ, Κύριε, εἰ σὺ ἐβάστασας αὐτόν, εἰπέ μοι ποῦ ἔθηκας αὐτόν, κἀγὼ αὐτὸν ἀρῶ.
John 20:16 λέγει αὐτῇ Ἰησοῦς, Μαριάμ. στραφεῖσα ἐκείνη λέγει αὐτῷ Ἑβραϊστί, Ραββουνι (ὃ λέγεται Διδάσκαλε).
John 20:17 λέγει αὐτῇ Ἰησοῦς, Μή μου ἅπτου, οὔπω γὰρ ἀναβέβηκα πρὸς τὸν πατέρα· πορεύου δὲ πρὸς τοὺς ἀδελφούς μου καὶ εἰπὲ αὐτοῖς, Ἀναβαίνω πρὸς τὸν πατέρα μου καὶ πατέρα ὑμῶν καὶ θεόν μου καὶ θεὸν ὑμῶν.
John 20:18 ἔρχεται Μαριὰμ ἡ Μαγδαληνὴ ἀγγέλλουσα τοῖς μαθηταῖς ὅτι Ἑώρακα τὸν κύριον, καὶ ταῦτα εἶπεν αὐτῇ.
John 20:19 Οὔσης οὖν ὀψίας τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ τῇ μιᾷ σαββάτων, καὶ τῶν θυρῶν κεκλεισμένων ὅπου ἦσαν οἱ μαθηταὶ διὰ τὸν φόβον τῶν Ἰουδαίων, ἦλθεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς καὶ ἔστη εἰς τὸ μέσον καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς, Εἰρήνη ὑμῖν.
John 20:20 καὶ τοῦτο εἰπὼν ἔδειξεν τὰς χεῖρας καὶ τὴν πλευρὰν αὐτοῖς. ἐχάρησαν οὖν οἱ μαθηταὶ ἰδόντες τὸν κύριον.
John 20:21 εἶπεν οὖν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦσ πάλιν, Εἰρήνη ὑμῖν· καθὼς ἀπέσταλκέν με ὁ πατήρ, κἀγὼ πέμπω ὑμᾶς.
John 20:22 καὶ τοῦτο εἰπὼν ἐνεφύσησεν καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς, Λάβετε πνεῦμα ἅγιον·
John 20:23 ἄν τινων ἀφῆτε τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἀφέωνται αὐτοῖς, ἄν τινων κρατῆτε κεκράτηνται.
John 20:24 Θωμᾶς δὲ εἷς ἐκ τῶν δώδεκα, ὁ λεγόμενος Δίδυμος, οὐκ ἦν μετ' αὐτῶν ὅτε ἦλθεν Ἰησοῦς.
John 20:25 ἔλεγον οὖν αὐτῷ οἱ ἄλλοι μαθηταί, Ἑωράκαμεν τὸν κύριον. ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς, Ἐὰν μὴ ἴδω ἐν ταῖς χερσὶν αὐτοῦ τὸν τύπον τῶν ἥλων καὶ βάλω τὸν δάκτυλόν μου εἰς τὸν τύπον τῶν ἥλων καὶ βάλω μου τὴν χεῖρα εἰς τὴν πλευρὰν αὐτοῦ, οὐ μὴ πιστεύσω.
John 20:26 Καὶ μεθ' ἡμέρας ὀκτὼ πάλιν ἦσαν ἔσω οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ Θωμᾶς μετ' αὐτῶν. ἔρχεται ὁ Ἰησοῦς τῶν θυρῶν κεκλεισμένων, καὶ ἔστη εἰς τὸ μέσον καὶ εἶπεν, Εἰρήνη ὑμῖν.
John 20:27 εἶτα λέγει τῷ Θωμᾷ, Φέρε τὸν δάκτυλόν σου ὧδε καὶ ἴδε τὰς χεῖράς μου, καὶ φέρε τὴν χεῖρά σου καὶ βάλε εἰς τὴν πλευράν μου, καὶ μὴ γίνου ἄπιστος ἀλλὰ πιστός.
John 20:28 ἀπεκρίθη Θωμᾶς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ, Ὁ κύριός μου καὶ ὁ θεός μου.
John 20:29 λέγει αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς, Ὅτι ἑώρακάς με πεπίστευκασ; μακάριοι οἱ μὴ ἰδόντες καὶ πιστεύσαντες.
John 20:30 Πολλὰ μὲν οὖν καὶ ἄλλα σημεῖα ἐποίησεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐνώπιον τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ, ἃ οὐκ ἔστιν γεγραμμένα ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ τούτῳ·
John 20:31 ταῦτα δὲ γέγραπται ἵνα πιστεύσητε ὅτι Ἰησοῦς ἐστιν ὁ Χριστὸς ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, καὶ ἵνα πιστεύοντες ζωὴν ἔχητε ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ.
John 20:2 τρέχει οὖν καὶ ἔρχεται πρὸς Σίμωνα Πέτρον καὶ πρὸς τὸν ἄλλον μαθητὴν ὃν ἐφίλει ὁ Ἰησοῦς, καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς, Ἦραν τὸν κύριον ἐκ τοῦ μνημείου, καὶ οὐκ οἴδαμεν ποῦ ἔθηκαν αὐτόν.
John 20:3 Ἐξῆλθεν οὖν ὁ Πέτρος καὶ ὁ ἄλλος μαθητής, καὶ ἤρχοντο εἰς τὸ μνημεῖον.
John 20:4 ἔτρεχον δὲ οἱ δύο ὁμοῦ· καὶ ὁ ἄλλος μαθητὴς προέδραμεν τάχιον τοῦ Πέτρου καὶ ἦλθεν πρῶτος εἰς τὸ μνημεῖον,
John 20:5 καὶ παρακύψας βλέπει κείμενα τὰ ὀθόνια, οὐ μέντοι εἰσῆλθεν.
John 20:6 ἔρχεται οὖν καὶ Σίμων Πέτρος ἀκολουθῶν αὐτῷ, καὶ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸ μνημεῖον· καὶ θεωρεῖ τὰ ὀθόνια κείμενα,
John 20:7 καὶ τὸ σουδάριον, ὃ ἦν ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ, οὐ μετὰ τῶν ὀθονίων κείμενον ἀλλὰ χωρὶς ἐντετυλιγμένον εἰς ἕνα τόπον.
John 20:8 τότε οὖν εἰσῆλθεν καὶ ὁ ἄλλος μαθητὴς ὁ ἐλθὼν πρῶτος εἰς τὸ μνημεῖον, καὶ εἶδεν καὶ ἐπίστευσεν·
John 20:9 οὐδέπω γὰρ ᾔδεισαν τὴν γραφὴν ὅτι δεῖ αὐτὸν ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναστῆναι.
John 20:10 ἀπῆλθον οὖν πάλιν πρὸς αὐτοὺς οἱ μαθηταί.
John 20:11 Μαρία δὲ εἱστήκει πρὸς τῷ μνημείῳ ἔξω κλαίουσα. ὡς οὖν ἔκλαιεν παρέκυψεν εἰς τὸ μνημεῖον,
John 20:12 καὶ θεωρεῖ δύο ἀγγέλους ἐν λευκοῖς καθεζομένους, ἕνα πρὸς τῇ κεφαλῇ καὶ ἕνα πρὸς τοῖς ποσίν, ὅπου ἔκειτο τὸ σῶμα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ.
John 20:13 καὶ λέγουσιν αὐτῇ ἐκεῖνοι, Γύναι, τί κλαίεισ; λέγει αὐτοῖς ὅτι Ἦραν τὸν κύριόν μου, καὶ οὐκ οἶδα ποῦ ἔθηκαν αὐτόν.
John 20:14 ταῦτα εἰποῦσα ἐστράφη εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω, καὶ θεωρεῖ τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἑστῶτα, καὶ οὐκ ᾔδει ὅτι Ἰησοῦς ἐστιν.
John 20:15 λέγει αὐτῇ Ἰησοῦς, Γύναι, τί κλαίεισ; τίνα ζητεῖσ; ἐκείνη δοκοῦσα ὅτι ὁ κηπουρός ἐστιν λέγει αὐτῷ, Κύριε, εἰ σὺ ἐβάστασας αὐτόν, εἰπέ μοι ποῦ ἔθηκας αὐτόν, κἀγὼ αὐτὸν ἀρῶ.
John 20:16 λέγει αὐτῇ Ἰησοῦς, Μαριάμ. στραφεῖσα ἐκείνη λέγει αὐτῷ Ἑβραϊστί, Ραββουνι (ὃ λέγεται Διδάσκαλε).
John 20:17 λέγει αὐτῇ Ἰησοῦς, Μή μου ἅπτου, οὔπω γὰρ ἀναβέβηκα πρὸς τὸν πατέρα· πορεύου δὲ πρὸς τοὺς ἀδελφούς μου καὶ εἰπὲ αὐτοῖς, Ἀναβαίνω πρὸς τὸν πατέρα μου καὶ πατέρα ὑμῶν καὶ θεόν μου καὶ θεὸν ὑμῶν.
John 20:18 ἔρχεται Μαριὰμ ἡ Μαγδαληνὴ ἀγγέλλουσα τοῖς μαθηταῖς ὅτι Ἑώρακα τὸν κύριον, καὶ ταῦτα εἶπεν αὐτῇ.
John 20:19 Οὔσης οὖν ὀψίας τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ τῇ μιᾷ σαββάτων, καὶ τῶν θυρῶν κεκλεισμένων ὅπου ἦσαν οἱ μαθηταὶ διὰ τὸν φόβον τῶν Ἰουδαίων, ἦλθεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς καὶ ἔστη εἰς τὸ μέσον καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς, Εἰρήνη ὑμῖν.
John 20:20 καὶ τοῦτο εἰπὼν ἔδειξεν τὰς χεῖρας καὶ τὴν πλευρὰν αὐτοῖς. ἐχάρησαν οὖν οἱ μαθηταὶ ἰδόντες τὸν κύριον.
John 20:21 εἶπεν οὖν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦσ πάλιν, Εἰρήνη ὑμῖν· καθὼς ἀπέσταλκέν με ὁ πατήρ, κἀγὼ πέμπω ὑμᾶς.
John 20:22 καὶ τοῦτο εἰπὼν ἐνεφύσησεν καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς, Λάβετε πνεῦμα ἅγιον·
John 20:23 ἄν τινων ἀφῆτε τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἀφέωνται αὐτοῖς, ἄν τινων κρατῆτε κεκράτηνται.
John 20:24 Θωμᾶς δὲ εἷς ἐκ τῶν δώδεκα, ὁ λεγόμενος Δίδυμος, οὐκ ἦν μετ' αὐτῶν ὅτε ἦλθεν Ἰησοῦς.
John 20:25 ἔλεγον οὖν αὐτῷ οἱ ἄλλοι μαθηταί, Ἑωράκαμεν τὸν κύριον. ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς, Ἐὰν μὴ ἴδω ἐν ταῖς χερσὶν αὐτοῦ τὸν τύπον τῶν ἥλων καὶ βάλω τὸν δάκτυλόν μου εἰς τὸν τύπον τῶν ἥλων καὶ βάλω μου τὴν χεῖρα εἰς τὴν πλευρὰν αὐτοῦ, οὐ μὴ πιστεύσω.
John 20:26 Καὶ μεθ' ἡμέρας ὀκτὼ πάλιν ἦσαν ἔσω οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ Θωμᾶς μετ' αὐτῶν. ἔρχεται ὁ Ἰησοῦς τῶν θυρῶν κεκλεισμένων, καὶ ἔστη εἰς τὸ μέσον καὶ εἶπεν, Εἰρήνη ὑμῖν.
John 20:27 εἶτα λέγει τῷ Θωμᾷ, Φέρε τὸν δάκτυλόν σου ὧδε καὶ ἴδε τὰς χεῖράς μου, καὶ φέρε τὴν χεῖρά σου καὶ βάλε εἰς τὴν πλευράν μου, καὶ μὴ γίνου ἄπιστος ἀλλὰ πιστός.
John 20:28 ἀπεκρίθη Θωμᾶς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ, Ὁ κύριός μου καὶ ὁ θεός μου.
John 20:29 λέγει αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς, Ὅτι ἑώρακάς με πεπίστευκασ; μακάριοι οἱ μὴ ἰδόντες καὶ πιστεύσαντες.
John 20:30 Πολλὰ μὲν οὖν καὶ ἄλλα σημεῖα ἐποίησεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐνώπιον τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ, ἃ οὐκ ἔστιν γεγραμμένα ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ τούτῳ·
John 20:31 ταῦτα δὲ γέγραπται ἵνα πιστεύσητε ὅτι Ἰησοῦς ἐστιν ὁ Χριστὸς ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, καὶ ἵνα πιστεύοντες ζωὴν ἔχητε ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ.
Notes
20:1- τῃ δε μιᾷ τῶν σαββατων, locative dative of time; in this case a preposition is not necessary, e.g. ημερᾳ, in the daytime (note by the way that in this verse the word ημερα is omitted, and that σαββατον is also the week).
- σκοιτας ετι ουσης, genitive absolute.
- ηρμενον, perfect part. pass. from αιρω, "I lift up".
- ηρχοντο, impf. ind. act. from ερχομαι, "I come/go". Note the frequent use of the impf. tense in these verses. (e.g. ετρεχον, next verse.)
- εντετυλιγμενον, perf. part. pass. from εντυλισσω, "I wrap in".
- επιστευσεν, cf. Dante, Par. XXIV, 124-126: "O santo padre, e spirito che vedi / cio' che credesti si', che tu vincesti / ver' lo sepulcro piu' giovani piedi".
- ηδεισαν, pluperfect ind. act. from ειδω, "I know". (or "understand", as I translate in this case)
- ειστηκει, pluperfect ind. act. from ιστημι, "I stand still".
- ειπουσα, aor. part. act. from επω, "I speak/say".
- εστραφη, aor. ind. pass. from στρεφω, "I turn".
- εστωτα, perf. part. act. from ιστημι, "I stand".
- ηδει, pluperfect ind. act. from ειδω, "I know".
- αρω, fut. ind. act. from αιρω, "I lift".
- στραφεισα, aor. part. pass. from στρεφω, "I turn".
- απτου, pres. imperative middle from
απτομαι, "I attach myself to/I cling
to/I touch". The present imperative here is interesting: a prohibition
of a continuing (e.g. Mary already clinging to Jesus) or habitual (e.g.
Mary normally attached to Jesus) action. Cmp with aorist imperative,
used for single, definite actions.
- αναβεβηκα, perf. ind. act. from αναβαινω, "I climb/ascend".
- πορευου, pres. imperative dep. form πορευομαι, "I go".
- εωρακα, perf. ind. act. from οραω, "I see".
- ουσης, pres. part. act. from ειμι (ων, ουσα, ον). Genitive absolute. οψιος is "evening".
- κεκλεισμενων, perf. part. pass. from κλειω, "I shut up".
- εδειξεν, aor. ind. act. from δεικνυω, "I show".
- εχαρησαν, aor. ind. passive deponent from χαιρω, "I rejoice".
- απεσταλκεν, perf. ind. act. from αποστελλω, "I send".
- αφητε, aor. subj. act. from αφιημι, "I remit". Then αφεωνται, perfect ind. pass.
- κρατητε, pres. subj. act. from κρατεω, "I retain". Then κεκρατηνται, perfect ind. pass.
- εσω, "inside".
- πεπιστευκας, perf. ind. act. from πιστευω, "I believe". εωρακας is also a perf. Contrast with the part. aorists used in ιδοντες and πιστευσαντες.
My translation
1Now, in the first day of the week, Mary of Magdala comes to the tomb early in the morning, when it was still dark, and sees that the stone had been removed.2She runs then, and comes to Simon Peter and to the other disciple, the one being loved by Jesus, and tells them, They took away the Lord from the tomb, and we do not know where they put him.
3So Peter and the other disciple went out, and they were coming to the tomb.
4The two were running together, but the other disciple ran faster than Peter, and came first to the tomb
5and, having stooped down, sees the linen cloths lying; but he did not enter [into the tomb].
6Following him, Simon Peter then also comes, and entered into the tomb. And he sees the cloths lying,
7and the sudarium, that [was] had been put on Jesus' head, not with the cloths, but wrapped separately in a place.
8At that time then also the other disciple, the one who came first, entered into the tomb, and saw, and believed.
9In fact, they still had not understood the scripture [saying] that he must rise from the dead.
10So the disciples went back again to their houses.
11Maria instead had stayed at the tomb, crying. And as she was crying, she stooped down into the tomb,
12and sees two angels in white, sitting down, one at the head, and the other at the feet, where the body of Jesus had been lying.
13They say to her, Woman, why do you cry? She says, They took away my Lord, and I do not know where they put him.
14And, said these things, she turned back, and sees Jesus who was standing there; but she did not know that it was Jesus.
15Jesus says to her, Woman, why do you cry? Whom do you seek? She, supposing he was the gardener, says to him, Sir, if you carried him, tell me where you put him, and I shall take him.
16Jesus says to her, Mary! She, having turned back, says to him in Hebrew, Rabbouni! (which is to say, Teacher)
17Jesus says to her, Do not cling to me!, because still I have not ascended to the Father. Go instead to my brothers, and tell them, I ascend to my Father and your Father, to my God and your God.
18Mary of Magdala goes, announcing to the disciples, "I have seen the Lord!", and the things he said to her.
19When it was evening, in that first day of the week, and when the doors [of the place] where the disciples were had been closed out of fear for the Jews, Jesus came, stood in the middle, and says to them: Peace to you!
20Having said so, he showed [them] his hands and his side. When they saw the Lord, the disciples rejoiced.
21So again said Jesus to them, Peace to you! As the Father has sent me, so also I send you.
22And after he had said these things, he breathed, and says to them, Receive the Holy Ghost.
23If you remit sins to someone, they will be remitted. If you retain [them], they will be retained.
24Now Thomas, one of the twelve, the one called Didimus, was not with them when Jesus came.
25The other disciples were then telling him, We have seen the Lord! He said to them, If I do not see on his hands the form of the nails, and if I do not put my finger into the form of the nails, and if I do not put my hand into his side, I shall not believe.
26And after eight days again the disciples were inside, and Thomas was with them. When the doors had been closed, Jesus comes, and stood in the middle, and said, Peace to you!
27He says then to Thomas, Bring [put] here your finger, look at my hands, and bring your hand into my side; and do not be unbeliever, but a believer!
28Thomas answered to him and said, My Lord, and my God!
29Jesus says to him, Have you believed because you have seen me? Blessed those who, not having seen, still believed.
30Now, many other signs did Jesus in the presence of his disciples, that have not been written into this book.
31These have been written so that you believe that Jesus is the Christ, the son of God, and so that [by] believing you have life in his name.
